The German Gold Mark (Deutsche Mark) was first minted in 1871 with Kaiser Wilhelm I's likeness on it and continued to be minted until 1915 with Wilhelm II's portrait. Wilhelm I was able to consolidate German into a cohesive Empire in 1870. The Mark was declared to be the only legal tender beginning January 1, 1876.
The mark replaced the various guilders and states issued marks that were being produced through out the territories of Germany. The Holy Roman Empire's Reichsmunzordnung solved the similar problem in the 1500's and unified several hundred different denominations. The Holy Roman Imperial's minting ordinance (Reichsmunzordnung) was implemented in stages that began in the 1530's and didn't conclude until 1560 . Kaiser Wilhelm I did very much the same thing after coming to power. There were a wide variety of gold guilders and gold marks that were still used through out his reign at his passing in 1908.
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Many of the German kingdoms had allied themselves with Prussia to oppose Napoleon's invasion. When the French were driven out of Germany in 1817 Napoleon had left a new order. Napoleon consolidated the over one thousand territories that made up Germany into forty states. He also left the spirit of socialism and the ideas of freedom and liberty, and then the industrial revolution began, causing its own social friction. The Germany Confederation was over seen by the Emperor's of Austria from 1817 through 1848 when thewhen the first wave of socialist demonstrations caused the March Uprising. Other upreisings started to spread through out Europe. In 1849 Frederick William IV, King of Prussia resided over the conference but refused to be crowned King of Germany. Europian noblity feared the fate of the French nobles and fought agresively against the socialiets.Wilhelm I took the thrown of Prussia in 1861. In 1870 Germany became molded into the Second German Empire (Reich). Germany came to be governed under the rule of the Prussian and King Wilhelm I became Emperor (Kaiser) of Germany.
The gold 20 Mark coin is readily available today. It is 23 millimeters in diameter, weighing 7.965 grams, and 90% gold with a total of 0.2304 troy ounces of gold. There were some variations of designs for the obverse of with the Deutsche Marks. Those from Prussia had Wilhelm I (1871-1888), Friedrich III (1888), Wilhelm II 1888-1912 and then Wilhelm II is in a military uniform for 1913-1915. Those from Baden have Frederic I, while Bavaria has Louis II, Hamburg's has their coat of arms, Saxony with their George of Saxony, and Wurternberg only minted those with Wilhelm II.
There were also ten different mints and mint marks: Berlin-A, Hanover-B, Frankfurt-C, Munchen-D, Dresden-E, Stuftgart-F, Karlsuhe-G, Darmstadt-H, and Hamburg-J.
The 5 mark was only minted in 1877 and 1878 and it weighs 1.9912 grams having 1.7921 grams of gold these very small coins are usually considered scarce. The 10 mark is 3.9825 grams with 3.5842 grams of gold. and the 20 mark is 7.965 grams and 7.1685 grams of gold.
On December 27, 2001 the Bundesbank was authorized by the German government to mint the 99.90% gold commemorative 1 Deutsche Mark coin. These are 23.5 millimeters in diameter and contain 12 grams of gold. One million of the commemorative gold coins were minted to recognize the beginning of the Euro system. Each of the five mints that struck these bullion coins minted 200,000 each. These mints are; Berlin using an “A” mint mark, Munich with a “D”, Stuttgart “F”, Kartsruhe “G”, and Hamburg with the mint mark of “J”.
The reverse has a large “1” in the upper center with two oaks leaves on either side. Directly under this is “DEUTSCHE” then “MARK” in medium letters and in smaller letters is “2001”. The obverse has a large German eagle in the center with the mint mark under the central tail feather along the rim. This is separated on either side by points from the legend “DEUTSCHE BUNDESBANK”. This is the same design as the copper and nickel coin issued from 1950 to 2001 with the change of the obverse legend from the original “BUNDESREPUBLICK DEUTSCHLAND”.
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